Jason's Notebook

Storage & IO Systems

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Overview

Storage & IO Systems manage non-volatile persistent media, bridging the speed gap between high-speed CPU registers/RAM and slow secondary storage. The operating system hides physical hardware complexities (such as spinning magnetic platters, mechanical seeks, and NAND flash erase blocks) behind standardized abstractions like the Logical Block Interface and byte-oriented File Systems.

Module Notes

Physical Storage & Abstraction Hierarchy

graph TD
    Root["Storage Media Architectures"]

    subgraph Mechanical["Mechanical Storage"]
        HDD["<b>Hard Disk Drives (HDD)</b><br/>Magnetic platters, rotating spindles, and mechanical arms.<br/>• Bounded by seek time and rotational latency."]
    end

    subgraph Flash["Semiconductor Flash"]
        SSD["<b>Solid State Drives (SSD)</b><br/>Non-volatile NAND flash chips managed by an onboard FTL.<br/>• Fast random access; asymmetric block-erase constraints."]
    end

    subgraph Redundant["Multi-Drive Arrays"]
        RAID["<b>RAID Configurations</b><br/>Combines multiple physical disks into a unified logical drive.<br/>• Striping (Speed), Mirroring (Reliability), Parity (Fault Recovery)."]
    end

    subgraph Abstraction["Logical File Systems & Hierarchy"]
        FS["<b>File System Abstractions & Memory Spectrum</b><br/>VFS/IFS layer, byte streams, access patterns, protection bits, and hardware latency comparison."]
    end

    Root --> Mechanical
    Root --> Flash
    Root --> Redundant
    Root --> Abstraction

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