Probability

  • the estimation of the likelihood of an event outcome will occur
  • represented as a percentage or decimal point
  • Factors may influence probability

Probability Distributions

  • describe how values of a random variable are distributed, providing a mathematical framework for understanding uncertainty in data
  • these distributions are fundamental in statistical analysis, enabling
    • predictions
    • hypothesis testing
    • decision-making

Discrete Data

  • can take only specified values

Binomial Distribution

  • Describes variables with 2 possible outcomes
  • the probability distributions of the number of successes in n trials with probability of success

Discrete Uniform Distribution

  • Describes events that have equal probabilities

Poisson Distribution

  • Describes count data
  • gives the probability of an event happening a certain number of times within a given interval of time / space

Continuous Data

  • can take any value within a given range
    • the range can be finite or infinite

Normal Distribution

  • Describes data with values that become less probable that farther they are from the average (mean)
  • bell-shaped probability density function

Continuous Uniform Distribution

  • Describes data for which equal-sized intervals (space between data) have equal probability

Log-Normal Distribution

  • Describes right-skewed data, which is the probability distribution of a random variable whose logarithm is normally distributed

Exponential Distribution

  • Describes data that has higher probabilities for small values then large values
  • The probability distribution of time between independent events