Numbers
INFO
The mathematical values or figures used for the purpose of measuring or calculating quantities. It is represented by numerals as 1, 3, 9, etc. It consists of different range of numbers too Number Sets
Number System
INFO
Also known as “numeral system” is defined as an elementary system to express numbers and figures. The unique way of representing of numbers in arithmetic and algebraic structure.
Types of Number Systems
NOTE
All the number systems follow the follow rule for generating the values in their system:
Each digit in the number is at a specific place with a place value multiplied to a power of the base →
Decimal Number System
- base value of 10
- use digits 0-9 → Our daily used number system
Binary Number System
- base value of 2
- use digits 0 or 1 → useful in computer science due to the easy performance using 2 states (ON / OFF)
Octal Number System
- base value of 8
- use digits 0-7 → useful in representation of UTF8 Numbers
Hexadecimal Number System
- base value of 16
- use digits 0-9 and letters A-F → useful in handling memory address locations
Roman Number System
- Ancient number system used in ancient Rome
- based on a combination of letters from the Latin alphabet to represent numbers
| Symbol | Value | Symbol | Value | Symbol | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | 1 | X | 10 | C | 100 |
| II | 2 | XX | 20 | CC | 200 |
| III | 3 | XXX | 30 | CCC | 300 |
| IV | 4 | XL | 40 | CD | 400 |
| V | 5 | L | 50 | D | 500 |
| VI | 6 | LX | 60 | DC | 600 |
| VII | 7 | LXX | 70 | DCC | 700 |
| VIII | 8 | LXXX | 80 | DCCC | 800 |
| IX | 9 | XC | 90 | CM | 900 |
| X | 10 | C | 100 | M | 1000 |
Rule of Roman Number
- The symbols I, X, C, M can be repeated up to 3 times in a row
- When a smaller value symbol appears before a larger value symbol, the smaller value is subtracted
- When a smaller value symbol appears after a larger value symbol, the smaller value is added